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<a name = "hj-top"> </a><table class = "table1" id = "table11"><tr><td><table class = "DocHeader"><tr><td class = "DocHeader1" colspan = "2"><h1> Sizing Optimization</h1></td></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader4" colspan = "2"/></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader3" colspan = "2"><table class = "DocThemeIntro" id = "table12"><tr><td class = "Intro1"><p class = "header"><p class = "abstract">
<span class = "shortdesc">At the beginning of the conventional design process, the design
engineer often defines new components using the experience and the results
gained from existing designs. This results in an evolution process that
might require several manual design iterations and a long process development
time.  Optimization tools provide the engineer with an automatic procedure
to develop fundamentally new designs and shorten the development process.
For sheet metal structures ideal sheet thicknesses according to the
existing load and boundary conditions must be derived.  With <span class = "ph">SIMULIA Tosca Structure</span>,
it is possible to carry out sizing optimization in the existing CAE environment.
Within this process shell thicknesses are calculated automatically
to obtain optimal sheet metal structures. </span>

</p>

</p><hr class = "header"/></td></tr><tr><td class = "Intro2"><span class = "run-in">In this section:</span><br/><ul class = "ulthemes"><li><a title = "Sizing is a tool to optimize sheet metal components through modification of sheet thicknesses. It is mostly applied at a later stage of the development process when the general layout of a component (that is, the topology) is more or less fixed." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-genInf.htm">General Information</a></li><li><a title = "In Tosca Structure, a sensitivity-based approach is used for solving sizing problems. This algorithm uses the sensitivities of the design variables regarding the objective function and the constraints. Tosca Structure uses an algorithm based on the Method of Moving Asymptotes from Krister Svanberg (Sweden). In one optimization run approximately 10 to 15 iterations are required - much fewer compared to the sensitivity-based approach for topology optimization. The number of iterations as well as the CPU-time is independent of the number of shell element thicknesses chosen as design variables." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-optTask.htm">Optimization Task</a></li><li><a title = "During an optimization, only part of the model might be changed. This part is defined as the design area." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-designArea-sb.htm">Design Area</a></li><li><a title = "The objective function describes the optimization target. In general, one scalar value (sometimes combined from other scalars) is to be maximized or minimized." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-objFunc.htm">Objective Function</a></li><li><a title = "Constraints are fundamental parts of the definition for an optimization task. The purpose of having constraints is to ensure that the optimized design is feasible." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-Constr.htm">Constraints</a></li><li><a title = "This section deals with the typical tasks for linear static analysis types. Only some very common tasks are described here." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-tasksStatic-minMass.htm">Typical Tasks for Static Analysis</a></li><li><a title = "Often the design target is to increase the first eigenfrequencies in an eigenfrequency spectrum. It is important to consider more than the first natural eigenfrequency when increasing the natural frequencies using optimization. Otherwise, the first and secondary mode might switch during the optimization." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-TasksModAna-sb.htm">Typical Optimization Tasks for Modal Analysis</a></li><li><a title = "Sizing optimization is well established for linear models. Whereas in the context of nonlinear structural analysis, sizing optimization is less robust, often failing due to solver convergence issues. Therefore, a proper optimization setup is required. Within this section, guidelines are presented in order to build stable optimization setup for sizing optimization. In addition, these guidelines can assist the user to address the issues during the optimization run." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-NonLin-sb.htm">Optimization of Structures with Nonlinear Behavior</a></li><li><a title = "A sizing feature is implemented for optimizing the radii of circular beams supporting optimization of lattice structures, welds, and other spatial structures consisting of circular beams. Only Abaqus and ANSYS® solvers are supported." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-circBeams.htm">Sizing Optimization for Circular Beams</a></li><li><a title = "NVH (noise vibration and harshness) is a field of simulation concerned with optimizing the energy absorption of the vehicle to provide customer comfort. NVH simulations are done to avoid problems of excessive noise and vibration after the vehicle is produced. A production stage correction means making structural changes in the machinery and tooling which can be expensive. Depending on the path followed by the vibrations vehicle, NVH is classified in the following two ways. Structure-Borne noise, for example: steering column vibrations (20-40 Hz), road noise (100-500 Hz) and body boom (20-40 Hz). Such vibrations are treated by isolating the source and by use of damping systems. Air-Borne noise, for example: wind noise (&gt;1000 Hz), exhaust noise (100-600 Hz) and engine radiated noise (350-10,000 Hz). Such noises are reduced by placing barriers and absorption materials. At the moment, this feature supports only Steady State Dynamics Analyses for optimization." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-nvh-sb.htm">Sizing Optimization for NVH</a></li><li><a title = "Different settings can be made to control the speed and convergence behavior of the sizing optimization algorithms. Default values are available which have been tried and tested on many occasions. Other algorithm settings for the various optimization algorithms can be selected using the OPT_PARAM command." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-Settings-sb.htm">Settings</a></li><li><a title = "Stop conditions are necessary to ensure that the optimization terminates. These stop criteria can either simply allow a certain number of loops or depend on the convergence behavior of the optimization." href = "tso-m-usr-sizing-StopCond-sb.htm">Stop Condition</a></li><li><a title = "Some remarks on the sizing optimization algorithm are given here." href = "tso-c-usr-sizing-SpecialRemarks.htm">Special Remarks on The Sizing Algorithm</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

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