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<a name = "hj-top"> </a><table class = "table1" id = "table11"><tr><td><table class = "DocHeader"><tr><td class = "DocHeader1" colspan = "2"><h1>Design Area</h1></td></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader4" colspan = "2"/></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader3" colspan = "2"><table class = "DocThemeIntro" id = "table12"><tr><td class = "Intro1"><p class = "header"><p class = "abstract">
<span class = "shortdesc">In shape optimization the form of the component is changed. 
           The change in form is achieved by moving the surface or a part of the component surface. The surface area of the component that can be changed is called the design area. The design area is defined using a node group consisting of design nodes. The current position of a design node in a design cycle is derived by superimposing the position of the node in the start model with an optimization displacement vector. These displacements might be restricted by design variable constraints to ensure certain geometric properties of the component. Further, nodes in an area surrounding the design nodes might be moved to ensure mesh quality for the FE calculation (Mesh smooth area). </span>

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</p><hr class = "header"/></td></tr><tr><td class = "Intro2"><span class = "run-in">In this section:</span><br/><ul class = "ulthemes"><li><a title = "During an optimization, only part of the model might be allowed to changed. This part is defined as the design area." href = "tso-c-usr-shape-desArea.htm">About the Design Area</a></li><li><a title = "Design variables for shape optimization are defined when assigning a node group to the design area." href = "tso-m-usr-shape-desArea-desVar-sb.htm">Design Variables (DV_SHAPE)</a></li><li><a title = "In shape optimization the surface of a component is modified. If only the surface nodes are displaced and the inner nodes remain at their location, the surface layer elements will be strongly distorted. As a result, the quality of the FE calculation suffers and might no longer form a reliable basis for the optimization. To ensure realistic and high-quality results, a displacement of the surface usually necessitates a mesh displacement (mesh smoothing) in the inner of the structure in most cases." href = "tso-m-usr-shape-desArea-Smooth-sb.htm">Mesh Smoothing (MESH_SMOOTH)</a></li><li><a title = "For shape optimization, restrictions are defined as boundary conditions that limit the potential area of the node displacement. A design variable constraint is a restriction that directly affects the individual design variables, here, the individual design nodes. Since the nodes in the mesh smoothing area can be interpreted as second order design nodes, there is also the possibility to apply the restrictions (up to a limited degree) to the nodes of the mesh smoothing area. Compared to geometrical optimization based on a few parameters, Tosca Structure.shape allows every design node to be displaced ‘independently’ from other design nodes." href = "tso-m-usr-shape-desAreaDvconShape-sb.htm">Restrictions (DVCON_SHAPE)</a></li><li><a title = "Shape optimization involves determining displacement for every design node. The displacement of the neighboring nodes is not coupled, that is, each of the design nodes can move independent from the other design nodes. For example during optimization, free-form surfaces might develop from flat surfaces. By coupling the design nodes the optimization can maintain the regularity of planes." href = "tso-m-usr-shape-desAreaLinkShape-sb.htm">Link and Coupling Conditions (LINK_SHAPE)</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>




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