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<a name = "hj-top"> </a><table class = "table1" id = "table11"><tr><td><table class = "DocHeader"><tr><td class = "DocHeader1" colspan = "2"><h1>MESH_SMOOTH</h1></td></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader4" colspan = "2"/></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader3" colspan = "2"><table class = "DocThemeIntro" id = "table12"><tr><td class = "Intro1Only"><p class = "header"><p class = "abstract">
<span class = "shortdesc">Definition of parameters for the mesh smoothing algorithm for shape optimization.</span>

</p>
<p>This page discusses: </p><ul><li><a href = "#tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-laplace" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Items for STRATEGY = CONSTRAINED_LAPLACIAN</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-gradient" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Items for STRATEGY = LOCAL_GRADIENT</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-external" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Items for STRATEGY = EXTERNAL</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-rmk" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Remarks</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-expl" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Example</a></li></ul>
</p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>




<div class = "body refbody">
<table class = "table" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__aa1397993"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody class = "tbody">
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>ID_NAME</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">name_of_mesh_smooth</code>&gt;</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Name of the <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> definition.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>EL_GROUP</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">name_of_element_group</code>&gt;</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Name of the element group for which <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> is done.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>MS_LAYER</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">name_of_node_group</code>&gt;, &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">number_of_elementlayers</code>&gt;</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>The mesh smooth element group is defined automatically. Starting with the referenced node group and the defined number of grouped element layers.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>FREE_SF</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= FIX, 0</span></p><p>= FIX, &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">number_of_node_layers</code>&gt;</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Free surface nodes of the <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> area, which is completely fixed (number of
                         node layers
                         &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">number_of_node_layers</code>&gt;
                         depending on the remaining free design nodes).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= FREE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Free surface nodes of the <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> remaining free area (not fixed).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>BOUNDARY</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= <span class = "ph uicontrol">FIX</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Nodes on the border of the mesh smooth area are fixed.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= FREE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>No nodes are automatically fixed. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>STRATEGY</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= CONSTRAINED_LAPLACIAN</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Use constrained Laplacian <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> strategy.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= LOCAL_GRADIENT</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Use local gradient mesh smooth strategy; not recommended for models with many nodes in mesh
                smooth area.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= EXTERNAL</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Use an external mesh smooth code; 
                         recommended for <span class = "ph">CST</span> solver.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>LEVEL_QUAL</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= NOT </p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= LOW</span></p>
                      <p>= MEDIUM</p><p>= HIGH</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Parameter to set the quality of the mesh. Increasing mesh quality with
                         <code class = "ph codeph">NOT</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">LOW</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">MEDIUM</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">HIGH</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>QUAL_LIST</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= YES</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>List of the qualitative bad elements.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= <span class = "ph uicontrol">NO</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>No list of the qualitative bad elements.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>QUAD_LOW_ANGLE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 20</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle between 0 and 89 degrees.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>QUAD_HIGH_ANGLE </p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 160</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p> Angle between 91 and 180 degrees.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>TRIA_LOW_ANGLE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 20</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle between 0 and 59 degrees.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>TRIA_HIGH_ANGLE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 140</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle between 61 and 180 degrees.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>TETRA_LOW_ASPECT </p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 0.222</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Value between 0.00177 and 1.30.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>TETRA_ HIGH_ASPECT</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 8</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Value between 1.36 and 999.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>SOLVER_CHECK</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= YES</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p> The solver quality criteria are checked.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= <span class = "ph uicontrol">NO</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>The solver quality criteria are not checked.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>SOLVER_STOP</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= <span class = "ph uicontrol">YES</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Optimization will be stopped if quality criteria are not satisfied.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"/>
<td class = "entry"><p>= NO</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>No stop.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Q4TAPER</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 0.5</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Value for <code class = "ph codeph">Q4TAPER </code>(greater or equal 0).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Q4SKEW</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 30</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle for <code class = "ph codeph">Q4SKEW</code> (greater or equal 0).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>TETRAAR</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 100</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Value for <code class = "ph codeph">TETRAAR</code> (greater or equal 0).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>T3SKEW</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 10</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle for <code class = "ph codeph">T3SKEW</code> (greater or equal 0).</p></td>
</tr>






<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>FREEZE_DESIGN_NODES</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= YES</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= NO</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Do not modify design nodes during the mesh smoothing step if set to <code class = "ph codeph">YES</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>CORRECT_ ELEMENTS</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= YES</span></p><p>= NO</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Correct supported elements that got too much distorted during optimization.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>CE_CORRECTION_FACTOR</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p> 0 &lt;= (<code class = "ph codeph">&lt;value&gt;)</code> &lt; 1 </p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 0.5</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Correct elements by multiplication of optimization displacements with this factor.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>CE_CORRECTION_LOOPS</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">int_value</code>&gt; </p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 4</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Trying to correct a single element &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">int_value</code>&gt; times.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>CE_FAIL_ACTION</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= RESET</span></p>
                      <p>= CONTINUE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Handling of not correctable elements:</p>
                      <p>RESET: Optimization displacement is set to zero for the current iteration.</p>
                      <p>CONTINUE: Do nothing and risk a solver failure.</p></td>
</tr>

</tbody></table>

<div class = "section" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-laplace"><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Items for STRATEGY = CONSTRAINED_LAPLACIAN</h2>

<table class = "table" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__aa1319332"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody class = "tbody">
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>LEVEL_CONV</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= LOW</span></p>
                      <p>= MEDIUM</p><p>= HIGH </p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Convergence parameter of <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>LEVEL_DVCON</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= NOT</p>
                      <p>= <span class = "ph uicontrol">LOW</span></p>
                      <p>= MEDIUM</p><p>= HIGH</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Parameter for verifying frequency of <code class = "ph codeph">DVCON_SHAPE</code> entries during
                    <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code>.</p></td>
</tr>




</tbody></table>
</div>


<div class = "section" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-gradient"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Items for STRATEGY = LOCAL_GRADIENT</h2>

<table class = "table" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__aa1398233"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody class = "tbody">
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>FEATURE_RECOGNITION</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>= &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">value</code>&gt;</p>
                      <p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= 30</span></p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle used for recognition of edges and corners (greater or equal 0).</p></td>
</tr>



</tbody></table>


</div>

<div class = "section" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-external"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Items for STRATEGY = EXTERNAL</h2>

<table class = "table"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody class = "tbody">
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>FILE</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p><span class = "ph uicontrol">= delta_mesh.onf</span></p>
                      <p>&lt;<code class = "ph codeph">file_name</code>&gt;</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Optional file containing the mesh smooth distortions.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>

<div class = "section" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-rmk"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Remarks</h2>

<ol class = "ol">
<li class = "li"> In <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code>, certain elements are not permitted (for example, beam elements,
          for more information refer to the User Manual). From the user-defined element group, a
          system-defined element group with the name Mesh_smooth_id_name_'ELEM' is created. The
          non-permitted elements are eliminated and a system-defined node group
          Mesh_smooth_id_name_'NODE' is generated. That group contains all the required boundary
          nodes. </li>
<li class = "li"> The calculation time for <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> increases with an increase in the number
          of iterations, that is, <code class = "ph codeph">LEVEL_CONV=LOW</code> is faster as
          <code class = "ph codeph">HIGH</code>. A higher convergence parameter gives a better result in
            <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code>. The aim for the user is: work with the lowest convergence
          parameter as possible and only switch to the next highest convergence parameter when
          having problems. </li>
<li class = "li"><code class = "ph codeph">BOUNDARY</code>: <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> is working on an element group and
          changes resulting from mesh smoothing should remain within this group. The
            <code class = "ph codeph">BOUNDARY=FIX</code> option is used to fix the nodes (inner and surface nodes)
          at the border of the mesh smooth area defined by the element group. In common, this
          behavior is preferred. All nodes fixed by these settings are stored a node group with the
          name &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">Mesh_smooth_id_name</code>&gt;_BOUN. If you do not want the "border"
          nodes to be fixed, you can select the <code class = "ph codeph">BOUNDARY = FREE</code> option. Then you
          are responsible to fix the proper nodes by yourself using <code class = "ph codeph">DVCON_SHAPE</code>
          entries. </li>

<li class = "li">
<code class = "ph codeph">FREE_SF</code>: Free surface nodes include all surface nodes
of the <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> area that are neither design nodes (command
<code class = "ph codeph">DV_SHAPE</code> operator <code class = "ph codeph">ND_GROUP</code>) or restricted in any
way (command <code class = "ph codeph">DVCON_SHAPE</code> operator <code class = "ph codeph">ND_GROUP</code>). The specified number
of node layers &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">number_of_node_layers</code>&gt; controls the area that is used for remeshing. If
surface nodes are fixed with <code class = "ph codeph">FREE_SF=FIX</code>, a node group
&lt;<code class = "ph codeph">Mesh_smooth_id_name</code>&gt;_SF is automatically created and a
<code class = "ph codeph">DVCON_SHAPE</code> entry &lt;<code class = "ph codeph">Mesh_smooth_id_name</code>&gt;_SFIX
is generated. The relevant entry for <code class = "ph codeph">DVCON_SHAPE</code> is then automatically
activated in <code class = "ph codeph">OPTIMIZE</code>.
</li>
<li class = "li">
Calculation time for <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> increases when the sequence is changed, <code class = "ph codeph">LEVEL_DVCON = NOT</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">LOW -</code>&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">MEDIUM</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">HIGH</code>.
The user should work with the lowest parameter possible and only switch to the next highest parameter when problems arise.
</li>
<li class = "li">
<code class = "ph codeph">LEVEL_QUAL</code>: Calculation time for <code class = "ph codeph">MESH_SMOOTH</code> increases in the sequence <code class = "ph codeph">LEVEL_QUAL = NOT</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">LOW</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">MEDIUM</code> -&gt; <code class = "ph codeph">HIGH</code>.
The user should work with the lowest parameter possible and only switch to the next highest parameter when problems arise.
With <code class = "ph codeph">LEVEL_QUAL=NOT</code> the entries for <code class = "ph codeph">QUAL_LIST</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">QUAD_LOW_ANGLE</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">QUAD_HIGH_ANGLE</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">TRIA_LOW_ANGLE</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">TRIA_HIGH_ANGLE</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">TETRA_LOW_ASPECT</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">TETRA_HIGH_ASPECT</code> do not have any influence.
</li>
<li class = "li">
Determining quality:  To determine the quality of an element, the angle of the element is determined. Tetrahedron elements have the additional quality
determination of the aspect ratio. The value of quality is between 1 (the best element quality) and 0 (the worst element quality).
Using the parameter QUAL_LIST the list of specifications of the worst elements are controlled with a quality of zero.
The values shown with the help of QUAL_LIST are only internal values for MESH_SMOOTH and might be different from values of preprocessors.

<table class = "table" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__aa2112109"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody class = "tbody">
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry" colspan = "2"><p>QUAD surfaces (QUAD element, side surfaces from HEXA elements):</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Optimal angle is 90 degrees:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle less than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">QUAD_LOW_ANGLE</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle greater than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">QUAD_HIGH_ANGLE</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry" colspan = "2"><p>TRIA surfaces (TRIA elements):</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Optimal angle is 60 degrees:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle less than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">TRIA_LOW_ANGLE</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Angle greater than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">TRIA_HIGH_ANGLE</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry" colspan = "2"><p>TRIA surfaces (side surfaces from TETRA elements):</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Optimal aspect ratio is 1.33 degrees:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Aspect ratio less than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">TETRA_LOW_ASPECT</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class = "row">
<td class = "entry"><p>Aspect ratio greater than and equal to <code class = "ph codeph">TETRA_HIGH_ASPECT</code>:</p></td>
<td class = "entry"><p>Quality=0</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

</li>
<li class = "li">Solver criteria of quality: <code class = "ph codeph">SOLVER_CHECK</code> must be activated so
<code class = "ph codeph">SOLVER_STOP</code> can be executed. With <code class = "ph codeph">SOLVER_CHECK=NO</code> the entries
<code class = "ph codeph">SOLVER_STOP</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">Q4TAPER</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">Q4SKEW</code>,
<code class = "ph codeph">TETRAAR</code>, <code class = "ph codeph">T3SKEW</code> have no effect. The values found in <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span> should be identical to the values set in the solver. A meaningful program stop in <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span> due to bad mesh quality is better than having errors in the solver.
</li>
</ol>

</div>

<div class = "section" id = "tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth__tso-r-cmd-meshSmooth-expl"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Example</h2>

<pre class = "codeblock">
<code class = "ph codeph">
MESH_SMOOTH
  ID_NAME  = my_mesh_smooth
  EL_GROUP = all_elements
  FREE_SF  = FIX, 3
END_
</code>
</pre>
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