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<span class = "shortdesc">This chapter explains the general terms of bead optimization.</span>

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<p>The easiest way to understand bead optimization is a simple example
every mechanical engineer will intuitively understand.</p>
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<p> In the above figure, a simple flat plate under bending is shown. It is
evident that the solution on the right side has a much greater stiffness
than the original flat plate on the left.</p>
<p>Regarding this simple example a couple of comments must be made:</p>
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<p> The bead height (see figure above) has the most significant effect
on the stiffness of the plate structure. Usually, the greater the bead
height the greater the stiffness. But, the bead height is usually controlled
by manufacturing capabilities, that is, how deep can you draw a bead with your
available tools.</p>
<p>The bead width has an effect on the possible designs. As seen in the
figure below (taken from Oehler and Weber: "Steife Blech- und Kunststoffkonstruktionen",
Springer-Verlag GmbH (1972)), a small or a large bead width is not necessarily
related to the stiffness of the sheet structure. The <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure.bead</span>
default values usually suffice, but if an optimal solution is sought
you must try more bead widths.</p>
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<p> The figure also shows that for more complex loads or dynamic problems, the optimal bead layout is not
intuitive anymore. Thus, an easy way to find a good bead pattern is to
use <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure.bead</span>.
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