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<html xmlns:mml = "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" lang = "en"><head><meta charset = "UTF-8"/><meta name = "copyright" content = "(C) Copyright 2020"/><meta name = "DC.rights.owner" content = "(C) Copyright 2020"/><meta name = "DC.type" content = "concept"/><meta name = "abstract" content = "Tosca Structure supports linear elastic material for static and modal analysis for all optimization types (topology, shape, bead, sizing) inside and outside the design domains. In addition, the following nonlinear material types are supported for shape, bead, and sizing optimizations inside and outside the design domain and for topology optimizations outside the design domain only: Mooney and Ogden."/><meta name = "description" content = "Tosca Structure supports linear elastic material for static and modal analysis for all optimization types (topology, shape, bead, sizing) inside and outside the design domains. In addition, the following nonlinear material types are supported for shape, bead, and sizing optimizations inside and outside the design domain and for topology optimizations outside the design domain only: Mooney and Ogden."/><meta name = "DC.format" content = "HTML5"/><meta name = "DC.identifier" content = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat"/><meta name = "DC.language" content = "en"/><link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "../DSDocUI_XML34.css"/><title>Materials and Properties</title>
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<a name = "hj-top"> </a><table class = "table1" id = "table11"><tr><td><table class = "DocHeader"><tr><td class = "DocHeader1" colspan = "2"><h1>Materials and Properties</h1></td></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader4" colspan = "2"/></tr><tr><td class = "DocHeader3" colspan = "2"><table class = "DocThemeIntro" id = "table12"><tr><td class = "Intro1Only"><p class = "header"><p class = "abstract">
<span class = "shortdesc"><span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span>
supports linear elastic material for static and modal analysis for all optimization types (topology, shape, bead, sizing) inside and outside the design domains.
In addition, the following nonlinear material types are supported for shape, bead, and sizing  optimizations inside and outside the design domain and for topology optimizations outside the design domain only: Mooney and Ogden. </span>

</p>
<p>This page discusses: </p><ul><li><a href = "#tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__section_ucf_pxt_mtb" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Material Definitions</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__section_dyr_tvt_mtb" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Shell Properties</a></li><li><a href = "#tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat-rem" id = "toc_rg" title = "">Remarks</a></li></ul>
</p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>




<div class = "body conbody">
        <div class = "section" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__section_ucf_pxt_mtb"><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Material Definitions</h2>
            
            <p>The interface to <span class = "ph">ANSYS®</span> recognizes and supports a wider range of material-related features,
                including:</p>
            <ul class = "ul">
                <li class = "li">All properties specified for a material in the original model are assigned (and
                    modified, if necessary) to the materials created by <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span> during topology optimization.</li>
                <li class = "li">Anisotropic materials get scaled for all material-directions.</li>
                <li class = "li">Temperature-dependent properties are supported for both MPxxx and TBxxx-types of
                    commands.</li>
                <li class = "li">The following TB command variants are supported by the interface for
                    modification, that is, for all optimization types both outside and inside the
                    design domain:</li>
            </ul>
            <table class = "table" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831"><caption/><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><thead class = "thead">
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <th class = "entry" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1"/>
                            <th class = "entry" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>TB</p>
                            </th>
                            <th class = "entry" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>TBOPT</p>
                            </th>
                        </tr>
                    </thead><tbody class = "tbody">
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Anisotropic Elastic Material</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>ANEL</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Anisotropic Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>ANISO</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Bilinear Isotropic Hardening Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>BISO</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Bilinear Kinematic Hardening Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>BKIN</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Cast Iron Plasticity Material Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>CAST</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>ISOTROPIC (*)</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Drucker-Prager Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>DP</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Hyperelastic Material Models</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>HYPER</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>BOYCE, BLATZ, FOAM, GENT, MOONEY, NEO, OGDEN, POLY, YEOH</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1" rowspan = "2">
                                <p>Kinematic Hardening Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>KINH</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>PLASTIC (*)</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>MKIN</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Multilinear Elastic Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>MELAS</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Multilinear Isotropic Hardening Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>MISO</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3"/>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening Constants</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>NLISO</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>VOCE (*), POWER (*)</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Plastic Strain</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>PLASTIC</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>MISO (*), KINH (*)</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1">
                                <p>Uniaxial Behavior</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2">
                                <p>UNIAXIAL</p>
                            </td>
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3">
                                <p>TENSION,</p>
                                <p>COMPRESSION</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class = "row">
                            <td class = "entry" headers = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__1 tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__2 tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__ab1267831__entry__3" colspan = "3">
                                <p>(*) TBOPT is optional</p>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </tbody></table>
        </div>

        <div class = "section" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__section_dyr_tvt_mtb"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Shell Properties</h2>
            
            <dl class = "dl">
                
                    <dt class = "dt dlterm">Bead Optimization</dt>
                    <dd class = "dd">Thickness and Offset information of shell properties are supported.
                        Example:<pre class = "codeblock"><code class = "ph codeph">SECTYPE,1,SHELL
SECDATA,0.006,1,,
SECCONTROL,,,,,,,
SECOFFSET,BOT </code></pre></dd>
                
            </dl>
        </div>


<div class = "section" id = "tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat__tso-c-usr-solver-ansys-mat-rem"><p><map name = "FPMap1"><area href = "#hj-top" title = "Back to Top" shape = "rect" coords = "416, 0, 435, 10"/></map><span class = "itemsprite"/></p><h2 class = "title sectiontitle">Remarks</h2>

<table class = "Remark" id = "table132"><tr><td class = "Remark"><span class = "run-in.important">Important:
				</span><span class = "notecontent"><p><ul class = "ul">
<li class = "li">The use of nonlinear Materials requires a <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure.nonlinear</span>.r
license.</li>
<li class = "li"><span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span>
needs different properties for different element types. For example, it
is not allowed that a solid element and a shell element share the same
element property.</li>
<li class = "li">Geometrical nonlinear modeling might cause convergence issues in
the FE-solver for the void elements (in topology optimization) because
the void elements might have semidefinite or negative definite elemental
matrices. Especially, for geometrical nonlinear modeling combined with
nonlinear material convergence issues emerge in the FE-solver. No unique
solution exists if convergence issues occur for the void elements. However,
a potential candidate for a solution could be to use <code class = "ph codeph">SOFT_DELETE</code> (see <a class = "xref" href = "tso-c-user-TopOpt-Sett-LStaTop.htm#tso-c-user-TopOpt-Sett-LStaTop__tso-c-user-TopOpt-Sett-LStaTop-RelDenStif">Relation between Relative Density and Stiffness</a> or <code class = "ph codeph">OPT_PARAM</code>)
or increasing the relative minimum density  (parameter <code class = "ph codeph">DENSITY_LOWER</code>
in <code class = "ph codeph">OPT_PARAM</code>).
Additional, the user should check if the most favorable settings for
solving the nonlinear equilibrium are applied in the FE-solver.</li>
<li class = "li">With <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span>
8.0 <code class = "ph codeph">SECBLOCK</code>-sections for shell elements are supported
in both sizing and topology optimization. </li>
<li class = "li">Shell properties for elements used for sizing must be defined using
the <code class = "ph codeph">SECBLOCK</code> option. Elements using only the <code class = "ph codeph">RLBLOCK</code>
definition are not admitted for sizing optimization with <span class = "ph">Tosca Structure</span>.
This implies that only shell elements of type <code class = "ph codeph">SHELL181</code>
and <code class = "ph codeph">SHELL281</code> are admitted for sizing optimization. </li>
</ul></p></span></td></tr></table>

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